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高考英语常见动词_高考英语必背动词归纳

tamoadmin 2024-06-02 人已围观

简介1.高考英语语法:高考英语总复习语法专项 情态动词2.高考英语必背知识点有哪些?3.英语高考必须掌握的所有系动词,谢谢,是所有的高考英语应该掌握的不及物动词 英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,可把动词分成及物动词和不及物动词。 不及物动词:字典里词后标有vi. 的就是不及物动词。不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象(即宾语)。若要跟宾语,必须先在其后添加上某个介词,如to,of ,at后方可跟上宾语。具

1.高考英语语法:高考英语总复习语法专项 情态动词

2.高考英语必背知识点有哪些?

3.英语高考必须掌握的所有系动词,谢谢,是所有的

高考英语常见动词_高考英语必背动词归纳

高考英语应该掌握的不及物动词

英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,可把动词分成及物动词和不及物动词。

不及物动词:字典里词后标有vi. 的就是不及物动词。不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象(即宾语)。若要跟宾语,必须先在其后添加上某个介词,如to,of ,at后方可跟上宾语。具体每个动词后究竟加什么介词就得联系动词短语了.

常用的不及物动词 appear ,Appear calm come ,Come easy (safe)

go ,Go mad (crazy, bad, sour, wrong, crazy, hungry, blind) get ,Get angry (ill, wet, excited, married, paid) fall ,Fall asleep( fall ill, fall short, fall flat) feel ,Feel good (sleepy) keep ,Keep quiet (silent) look ,Look fit (well, young, tired)

make, Make certain (sure, ready, a good teacher) prove ,Prove an effective method (correct, accurate) remain ,Remain still (unchanged) rest,Rest satisfied (content) rise, Rise red seem ,Seem happy stand ,Stand still

stay ,Stay young (stay fresh, the same) turn, Turn teacher =become a teacher (yellow) turn out ,Turn out true 用法举例

Look carefully! (注意:carefully 是副词,不是名词,故不作宾语) look at 看…….+宾语 Look at me carefully! (me是代词,作宾语) (at是小范围 in是大范围)

如: The students work very hard.学生们很努力地学习。 She apologized to me again. 她再次向我道歉。

The accident happened yesterday evening.昨天晚上发生了事故。 与及物动词的区别

及物动词与不及物动词的区别从是否需要宾语来分,实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词两类。

1)及物动词 后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。如: I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。

“How long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked.哈里问:“这本书我可以借多久?” 2)不及物动词 本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。如: Birds fly.鸟会飞。

It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三二年六月。 My watch stopped.我的表停了。

She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。 3)兼作及物动词和不及物动词 英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况:

a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变。试比较: Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)

She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(begin作及物动词)

When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave 作及物动词) They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词) b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同。如: Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。 Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗?

4) 与汉语的比较 有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法,与汉语的用法不一样,请注意下列两种情况:

a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词,而汉语则可用作及物动词,如arrive到达,agree同意,1isten听。英语里这些动词后面常接介词。如:

We arrived at the railway station at noon.我们于中午到达火车站。(at不能省去)(比较:We reached the railway station at noon.)

Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课。(to不可省去)(比较:We all heard the lecture.)

Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去)

b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词,而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词,如serve为…服务。 Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务

及物动词后可以加宾语,不及物动词后不可以加宾语

动词的及物不及物是在英语学习中必须解决的首要问题。动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况:

a.主要用作及物动词。及物动词后面必须跟宾语。可以用于:"主+谓+宾";"主+谓+双宾";"主+谓+宾+宾补"结构。如:

He reached Paris the day before yesterday. Please hand me the book over there. They asked me to go fishing with them.

类似的还有:buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell.... b.主要用作不及物的动词。不及物动词后面不跟宾语。只能用于:"主+谓"结构。 This is the room where I once lived.

类似的还有:agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed....

c.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义不变。如begin 都是作"开始"讲。everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game.

类似的还有:start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve....

d.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义完全不同。

这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义;而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的"消散"。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是"升高;举起"。 He lifted his glass and drank.

类似的还有:beat vi.跳动 vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生长 vt. 种植 play vi.玩耍 vt. 打(牌、球),演奏 smell vi.发出(气味) vt. 嗅 ring vi.(电话、铃)响vt.打电话 speak vi.讲话 vt. 说(语言) hang vi. 悬挂 vt. 绞死 operate vi.动手术 vt. 操作 需要注意的一点是:少数不及物动词唯一可跟的宾语是同源宾语,如:I dreamed a dream last night.

一些动词应用中只能用主动表示被动。

1、 Need, want, require(要求,需要), deserve(应得,值得), be worth值得),not bear(经不住) 后面接doing主动表被动。

The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。

The old building requires repairing. 这座古建筑需要修了。

These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully.?这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。 Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).?你的头发该剪了。

2、不定式作定语,放在被修饰词后面,与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系,又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系,不定式要用主动表被动含义。

I have much work to do. 我有许多要做的事情。(与work有动宾关系,与I有主谓关系) Tom is looking for a room to live in. Tom在找一间住的房间。(与room有动宾关系,与Tom 有主谓关系)

He has a family to support.?他要维持一个家庭。(与family有动宾关系,与he有主谓关系) 3、不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时,结构:主语+系动词+形容词 + 不定式; 动词+宾语+形容词+不定式。如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义,如

difficult, easy, comfortable(舒适的), convenient(便利的,方便的), hard, cheap, expensive, 等,不定式用主动表被动。

The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答。 The work is easy to do. 这项工作很好做。

I found the car comfortable to ride in. 我觉得这种车很好坐。 That makes poetry difficult to write. 那就使得诗很难写。

4、在be to结构中的一些不定式:这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表被动。下列动词用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义: Who is to blame for starting the fire?这场火灾应由谁负责?

You are to blame for the accident. 你应为这事受动责备。 The house is to let.此房出租。

A lot remains to do.还剩下许多事情要做。

5、系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来), sound (听起来), prove(证明是), feel(摸上去感到), look(看起来),smell(闻起来)等。

6.一些与can''t(不能)或won''t(不会)连用的动词。常用的有: lock(锁住), shut(关上) , open(打开), act(上演), write(写),cut(砍,切),wear(穿,戴)等,用作不及物动词时,用主动表被动。

7、一些动词如sell(销售) , wash(洗), clean(打扫), burn(燃烧), cook(煮)等与副词如well(好), easily(容易地), perfectly(十分地)等连用 ,描会事物的特性,用主动表被动,结构是主语+动词+加副词。例如:The book sells well.这种书很畅销 These clothes wash easily.?这些衣服很易洗。The pen writes well. 这笔很好写。

8、主语much, a great deal, little, what等,其表语如是不定式,则用不定式的主动表被动。 What is to do? 做什么? Much is to do. 太多要做的事。

9、在“there be”句型中作主语的定语如果现在分词时,所用的现在分词要用主动表被动意义。 There is nothing doing these days. 这些天没事干。 I see there’s a good idea planning. 我知道又在打好主意。

高考英语语法:高考英语总复习语法专项 情态动词

高考英语语法:表示“变化”连系动词的用法

 英语中表示“变化”的连系动词主要有 become, come, go, get, grow, turn等。使用时注意以下几点:

一、become 和get的用法

主要指一个人暂时性的身心变化或永久性的自然变化。如:

Hearing this, the boss became [got] angry. 听到这事,老板就生气。

The travelers became [got] thirsty. 旅客们渴了。

Soon the man became famous. 不久后这个人就出名了。

If you eat such food you’ll get [become] fat. 如果你吃那样的食物,你会发胖的。

另外,还有become [get] ill, old, well, deaf, strong, etc (得病,变老,痊愈,变聋,变强,等)。

另外,become 和 get 还可用于指天气的变化和社会的趋势。如:

It’s becoming [getting] cold (dark, cloudy). 天渐冷了(黑了,多云了)。

Divorce is becoming [getting] more common. 离婚现象越来越常见了。

This design of resident buildings is becoming [getting] fashionable. 这种住宅楼的设计正在逐渐流行起来。

二、go 和come 的用法

两者均可表示变化,但前者主要指一种由强到弱或由好到坏的变化(可用于人或事物),后者则主要指向好的方面变化。如:

go bald (deaf, insane, etc) 发秃,变聋,发疯,等

The meat’s gone off [gone bad]. 肉变味(变坏)了。

The radio’s gone wrong. 收音机出毛病了。

Her wish came true. 她的愿望实现了。

Everything came right. 一切顺利。

另外,go还可用于人或事物颜色的变色,与turn用法相同。如:

She went [turned] blue with cold. 她冻得脸色发青了。

The rotten meat went [turned] green. 这块腐烂的肉变绿了。

说明:

1. go 一般不与 old, tired, ill 等连用,遇此情况要用其他连系动词。如:

grow [get] old 变老 fall [become] ill 生病

fall [become] sick 生病 get [feel] tired 疲劳

2. go后接形容词通常表示结果(见上例),但在个别搭配中也可表示状态。如:

go hungry 挨饿 go naked 光着身子

3. come 除表示向好的方面变化外,还有以下常见搭配值得注意。如:

come untied 解开 come loose 变松 come undone 松开

三、grow 的用法

grow 主要表示逐渐变化,强调变化的过程。如:

It began to grow dark. 天色渐渐黑了。

Bob is growing old. 鲍勃渐渐变老了。

The sea is growing calm. 大海变得平静起来。

The pollution problem is growing serious. 污染问题日趋严峻。

四、关于结构

以上提到的连系动词通常接形容词作表语,但有的还可接其他结构,如come, get, grow后可接不定式,become, turn后可接名词,go, get, grow后可接介词短语。如:

You’ll soon grow to like her. 你很快就会喜欢她的。

Soon I came to like him. 不久我便开始喜欢他了。

It’s becoming a serious problem.它正在成为一个严重问题。

The little plant grew into a tree. 幼苗长成了一棵树。

They went out of fashion years ago.它们好多年前已变得不时新了。

说明:turn后接名词时,往往表示意想不到的变化,名词前通常用零冠词。如:

He turned writer after he graduated from a medical college. 他从医学院毕业后当了作家。(比较:He became a writer after graduating from college.)

高考英语必背知识点有哪些?

《高考英语总复习语法专项 情态动词》由留学英语组我整理(www.liuxue86.com)。本内容整理时间为05月12日,如有任何问题请联系我们。

高考英语总复习语法专项 情态动词

2009-03-18 11:48 来源:互联网 作者:佚名 [打印] [评论]

情态动词有一定的词义, 表示某种感情或语气, 是不完全动词, 不能单独作谓语, 需和实义动词一起构成谓语. 常见的情态动词有: can / could, may / might, must, shall / should, will / would, need, ought to, dare / dared等

一.may / might的用法:

1.表示?可以?, 即表示说话人许可或请求许可

a. You may take it away.

b. May I come in ?

2.表示?可能, 也许? (在疑问句中通常不用may / might, 而用likely, do you think, can等表示?是否可能, 会不会?的意思)

a. He may come today.

b. Is it likely to rain ?

c. Do you think the train will be late ?

d. Can the news be true ?这消息会是真的吗?

3.在提建议时, 可用May I

a. May I carry your bag ?

b. May I make a suggestion ?

二.can / could的用法:

1.表示许可或请求许可, 相当于may. 但can比may用得更广泛. can不仅表示说话人同意, 准许, 还可以表示客观条件许可. may通常只表示说话人同意或准许

a. The class is over. You can go home now.

b. You can go there tomorrow.

c. Can I borrow your car for today ?

2.在提建议时, 可用Can I / you

a. Can I buy you a drink ?

3.表示?会, 能?, 相当于be able to

a. He can speak English.

b. Can you play tennis ?

c. Little Tom can?t move the big box.

4.在疑问句中表示怀疑, 不确定或不会有的情况, 即?否定的推测?

a. Can it be true ? 这是真的吗?

b. Can it be true that he has passed the exam ? 他真的通过考试了吗?

5.can?t / couldn?t在陈述句中可表示?肯定不, 一定不?的意思

a. He can?t be in the room right now.

b. It can?t have rained last night, for the ground is dry.

6.can?t / couldn?t help doing sth表示?不得不,忍不住做某事?

a. People couldn?t help laughing at the foolish emperor.

7.can / be able to do的区别:

①.be able to可用于各种时态, 而can只有现在时can和过去时could

②.be able to可以和另一个不完全动词连用, 如should be able to (应该能够), must be able to (必须能够)等, 而can则不可以这样用

③.强调?能力?时, 多用be able to

a. The patient was soon able to sit up and read.

④.can可用于人或其他事物作主语的句子中; be able to只用于有生命的名词或代词作主语的句子中

三.must的用法:

1.表示?必须?, 它的否定形式是need not / needn?t, 而不是must not / mustn?t, mustn?t表示禁止或不许做某事

a. You must set off at once.

b. You needn?t tell John about it.

c. You mustn?t play with fire.

2.表示?肯定是, 一定是?的推测意义; 与此对应, 表示?肯定不,一定不?用can?t, 而不用mustn?t

a. You must be very tired now.

b. If he had really been there, I must have seen him.

c. He must have gone away. We don?t see him anywhere.

3.must / have to的区别:

①.must / have to一般可以通用, 但must侧重于说话人主观上的看法, 即?说话人认为必须?; have to侧重于客观上的需要, 含有?客观上不得不?之意

a. If the person is not breathing, you must try to start his breathing.

b. You must / have to study with a teacher if you want to know how to do first aid.

②.must没有时态的变化, 一般用于表示现在或将来; have to有时态的变化, 可用于过去, 现在, 将来各种时态

a. We must study hard when we are young.

b. I think she must remain in hospital for a week.

c. We had to stay there for a whole day because of the rain.

d. We have to practise a lot if we want to speak English well.

e. The situation has changed; we will have to change our plan.

③.它们的否定式mustn?t / not have to有很大的不同: mustn?t表示?不要(做某事)?, 有禁止之意; not have to表示?不必要(做某事)?, 含有?客观上无此必要?之意

a. You mustn?t move a person if he is badly hurt.

b. You don?t have to be a doctor to do first aid.

四.would的用法:

1.表示主观意志和愿望, 即?愿意,想要?

a. Come here whenever you would.

b. He would not leave before he finished his work.

2.would do sth可以表示过去经常发生的动作, 相当于used to do sth

a. When we were children we would go swimming every summer.

b. On Sundays he would go fishing for hours when he lived in the countryside.

3.表示请求, 愿望, 语气客气, 委婉

a. I would like some tea.

b. Would you mind closing the door ?

c. Would you tell me something about your trip ?

4.表示推测, 表示?大概, 也许?的意思

a. That would be the pen you are looking for.那也许是你在找的笔吧

五.should的用法:

1.表示义务, 责任, 可译为?应当?

a. We should complete the text in time.

b. You should be so careless.

2.表示推测或推论, 可译为?可能, 应该是?

a. He should be home by now, I think.

b. He should have arrived in Nanjing by this time.

3.should / ought to的区别:

should / ought to一般可以通用. should侧重于说话人主观上的看法, 有时含有劝告, 建议的口气, 即 ?按我的想法应该如何?; ought to语气更强, 强调?有责任, 有义务做某事?或者 ?按道理应该如何?

a. ?I will start the work at once. I think you should start at once.?

b. ?I will start the work tomorrow. No. You ought to start at once.?

六.need的用法: need表示?需要?, 既可作为情态动词, 也可作实义动词

1.need作实义动词时, 注意以下用法:

①.need to do sth; ②.need sb to do sth; ③.need doing sth (主动形式表被动意义)

a. You need to remain in bed.

b. I need you to help me with the housework.

c. The garden needs watering.( =The garden needs to be watered.)

2.need作情态动词时, 多用于否定句及疑问句中, 不用于肯定句中

a. It is still early. You needn?t hurry. =You don?t need to hurry.

b. It is 11 o?clock. Need I go now? =Do I need to go now ?

3.对于用need的提问, 肯定回答用must, 否定回答用needn?t

a. Need I come? Yes, you must. / No, you needn?t.

七.dare / dared的用法: 表示 ?敢?, 既可作为情态动词, 也可作为实义动词

1.作为情态动词时, 主要用于否定句和疑问句中, 不用于肯定句中

a. Little Jane dared not go alone. =Little Jane didn?t dare to go alone.

b. Dare you go out alone at night ? =Did you dare to go out alone at night ?

2.作为实义动词时, 可用于: dare to do sth

a. Little Jane didn?t dare to go alone.

b. Did you dare to go out alone at night ?

3.should / ought to的区别:

should / ought to一般可以通用. should侧重于说话人主观上的看法, 有时含有劝告, 建议的口气, 即 ?按我的想法应该如何?; ought to语气更强, 强调?有责任, 有义务做某事?或者 ?按道理应该如何?

a. ?I will start the work at once. I think you should start at once.?

b. ?I will start the work tomorrow. No. You ought to start at once.?

六.need的用法: need表示?需要?, 既可作为情态动词, 也可作实义动词

1.need作实义动词时, 注意以下用法:

①.need to do sth; ②.need sb to do sth; ③.need doing sth (主动形式表被动意义)

a. You need to remain in bed.

b. I need you to help me with the housework.

c. The garden needs watering.( =The garden needs to be watered.)

2.need作情态动词时, 多用于否定句及疑问句中, 不用于肯定句中

a. It is still early. You needn?t hurry. =You don?t need to hurry.

b. It is 11 o?clock. Need I go now? =Do I need to go now ?

3.对于用need的提问, 肯定回答用must, 否定回答用needn?t

a. Need I come? Yes, you must. / No, you needn?t.

七.dare / dared的用法: 表示 ?敢?, 既可作为情态动词, 也可作为实义动词

1.作为情态动词时, 主要用于否定句和疑问句中, 不用于肯定句中

a. Little Jane dared not go alone. =Little Jane didn?t dare to go alone.

b. Dare you go out alone at night ? =Did you dare to go out alone at night ?

2.作为实义动词时, 可用于: dare to do sth

a. Little Jane didn?t dare to go alone.

b. Did you dare to go out alone at night ? 《高考英语总复习语法专项 情态动词》由留学英语组我整理(www.liuxue86.com)

英语高考必须掌握的所有系动词,谢谢,是所有的

一、谓语动词和非谓语动词

从是否能充当句子中的谓语来看,动词有谓语动词和非谓语动词两大类。

1、谓语动词

有人称和数的变化。如:He?is?a tractor driver.他是一个拖拉机手。

2、非谓语动词?

非谓语动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种,在句子里都不能单独作谓语,没有人称和数的变化。如:I am pleased?to meet you.我很高兴与你相识。(动词不定式)

二、实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词

从其含义来分,动词有实义动词(notional verb),连系动词(link verb),情态动词(modal verb)和助动词(auxiliary verb)四类。

1、实义动词?

实义动词有完全的词义,并能独立作谓语动词。

如:The sun?shone?brightly this morning.

今天早晨阳光灿烂。

2、连系动词?

连系动词在句中作谓语动词,后面跟表语。英语连系动词有be(是),seem(似乎),look(看来),keep(保持),become(变成),get(变得),grow(变得),feel(感到),turn(变得,变成),appear(显得),remain(仍旧是)等。

如:It?is?never too late to mend.

改过不嫌晚。

3、情态动词?

情态动词有can (能),may (可以,也许),must(必须)等,表示能力、义务、必要、猜测等说话人的语气或情态。情态动词只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词。

4、助动词?

助动词有shall,will,have,be,should,wonld, do等。它们只能和主要动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气等动词形式,以及否定和疑问等结构中的谓语动词。

三、及物动词和不及物动词

从是否能直接跟宾语来分,实义动词又有及物动词和不及物动词两类。

1、及物动词?

后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。

如:I?believe?that the committee will?consider?our suggestion.

我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。

2、不及物动词?

本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。

如:It?happened?in June 1932.

这件事发生于一九三;年六月。

3、兼作及物动词和不及物动词?

英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况:

a) 兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变。试比较:

Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)

She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词)

b) 兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同。

如:Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。

四、情态动词

在行为动词、连系动词以外,还有两类动词,其中之一就是情态动词。从字面上看,我们就知道这是表示“感情与态度”的动词。

比如:I?can?do it without much difficulty. (能够,表示自信)

事实上,情态动词的英文说法modal verb,还是值得推敲的。modal,来自于名词mode,和modality(模式,方式)紧密相关,包括likelihood可能性, ability 能力, permission 许可与obligation责任这四种模式。

情态动词自身所具备的意义一般来说也是不完整的,不过和需要涉及其他事物的及物动词不同,情态动词不涉及其他事物,需要的是其他动词,即行为动词和连系动词,来配合使用。

一般来说情态动词是不能用作行为动词的,但也有例外,比如need,既可以用作情态动词,也可以是行为动词,看它的后面跟的是什么。

五、助动词

还有一类动词,也是意义上不完整、需要配合行为动词、连系动词使用的,那就是助动词。顾名思义,助动词就是用来帮助主要动词构成谓语的。

主要包括进行时态的be(is / am / are / was / were)、一般时态的do / does / did,将来时态的will / shall / would / should和完成时态的have / has / had。这种动词的英文名称叫auxiliary verb,简写是v. aux.。

系动词

系动词又称联系动词,作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(也称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语,例如:

He fell illyesterday.

(fall是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况

He fell off theladder.

(fall是实义动词,单独作谓语。)

1)状态系动词

用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:

He is a teacher.

(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)

2)持续系动词

用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:

He always keptsilent at meeting.

This matter restsa mystery.

3)表像系动词

用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:

He looks tired.

He seems (to be)very sad.

4)感官系动词

主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:

This kind of clothfeels very soft.

This flower smellsvery sweet.

5)变化系动词

表示主语变成什么样,有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come,run

He became madafter that.

She grew richwithin a short time.

6)终止系动词

表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, trun out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,例如:

The rumor provedfalse.

The search proveddifficult. 搜查证实很难。

His plan turnedout a success. (turn out表终止性结果)

I、常见系动词错误及其成因:

(1)漏掉系动词

I afraid he won'tcome tomorrow .

( 2 )误用系动词

His hair changedgrey .(混淆了change 与turn,grow)

I.系动词分类:

一、根据系动词后所跟结构,分为两大类:完全系动词(其后只能跟表语的动词,如be)和半系动词(其后既可跟表语作系动词用法,也可跟宾语或状语作实义动词用,如look)

He looked sad atthe news.

(“看起来”,系动词用法)

He looks at aclever boy.

(“看着”,实义动词用法)

在英语中,某一动词是多义词,既有实义动词用法,又有系动词用法。常见的有:

listen, look ,touch ,hear,see ,sound ,feel, taste ,remain ,keep,stay, turn,become

二、根据系动词的意义,分为四类:

A.五大感官系动词 B.状态系动词

C.动态系动词 D.双谓语系动词

A.五大感官系动词,描述一种感官性质。由实义感官动词变化而来,都是半系动词

1.look“看起来像是”,后接adj.、n.、分词、介词短语、不定式等。

The girl bit herlips and looked thoughtful.

2.smell“闻起来”,后接adj.,分词。

The flowers smellsweet.

3.sound“听起来”,后接adj.,分词。

The music soundssweet.

4.taste“尝起来”,后接adj.,分词。

The apples tastevery good.

5.feel①“摸起来,给……感觉”;②“觉得”,后接adj

The silk feelsvery soft.

You will feelbetter after a night’s sleep.

B.状态系动词:

1.be,“是”,完全系动词。

I am a student.

2.seem,“似乎,好像”,完全系动词。

They seem quitehappy.

3.appear,“显得,看起来好像”,半系动词。

He appeared tiredand sleepy.

It appeared(tobe)a true story.

Now it appears tome that he may play an important part in settling the problem. (在我看来)

4.keep, “保持……的状态”,半系动词,后接adj或介词短语。

You’d better go to bed and keep warm.

5.remain,“仍是”,半系动词。

I remained silent.

6.stay“保持(某种状态)”,半系动词,后接adj.、过去分词。

The window stayedopen all the night.

7.prove “证明是”,半系动词,后接adj.,n.

The treatmentproved to be successful.

C.动态系动词:都属于半系动词,描述状态变化过程。

1.get“变成,变得……起来”,后可接形容词、分词、介词短语。

The days aregetting longer and longer.

The train didn’t get going again.

It’s nothing to get excited about.

My watch gets outof order.

2.fall“进入(某种状态),成为”,后常接以下形容词:

asleep, silent,ill, sick

The old man,unable to express himself, fell silent.

My father fell illand died.

3.grow“渐渐变得……起来,长得”

You will grow usedto it.

It’s growing warm.

4.turn“转变成(新的与原来完全不同的色彩或性质),变质(色)”。

Maple trees turnred in autumn.

It was cloudy thismorning, but fortunately it has turned fine.

He has turnedwriter.

(注意:此时writer之前无冠词a.)

5.go,“变成(某种坏的状态)”

The telephone hasgone dead.

The material hasgone a funny colour. (奇怪)

go之后常接的adj. 还有:bad, blind, wild, wrong, sour, hard, hungry,mad, red, with, anger, white, pale, blue, grey

6.become“变成,成为(好坏均可的情况)”

He became angrywith me.

It became dark.

They became goodfriends.

I becameinterested in drawing.

7.come,“变成为(已知的状态),证实为”,后接形容词或前缀un-的过去分词作表语,表示状态或情况的变化。

His wish to becomea pilot has come true.

If you look intothe matter, everything will come clear.

My shoelaces havecome undone.

后面常接的形容词还有:apart, dear(昂贵),natural,open, untied(松开)。

8.run,“变成”,后接adj.

The well has rundry.

The price ranhigh.

9.make,“达到某种状态[后接形容词],如sure, certain, merry, bold, free

We must makecertain of facts.

我们一定要弄清事实。

The Children makefree with the apples.

孩子们随便吃苹果。

D.双谓语系动词

此类系动词既有系动词的功能,后接表语,又保留原实义动词本身的含义。例如:

The run rose red. 太阳升起红艳艳。

She stopped andstood quite still.

The book lay openon the table.

The snow lay thickon the ground.

He marriedyoung.

The window blew open.

III.系动词用法应注意的八个问题

1.系动词的进行时态应分情况讨论

一般,状态系动词无进行时态,而动态系动词有进行时态。但在某些情况下,状态系动词也有进行时态,表示两个用途:

(1)表示一种短暂的、反常的状态。如:

He is being kind.

他装出和蔼可亲的样子(一时而不能持久的性质)

(2)表示一种探询口气,使语言客气、生动、亲切。例如:

I hope you arekeeping well.

(语气委婉)

Are you feelingany better?

(语气亲切)

试比较:

Your hand feelscold.

你的手摸起来冰凉(无意识的静态性质)

不可以说:

Your hand isfeeling cold.(×)

The doctor isfeeling her pulse.

医生正在给她把脉(有意识的动态动作)

The soup tastesgood.

这汤的味道不错(静态性质,无进行时)

The cook istasting the soup.厨师在尝汤的味道。(动态动作,有进行时)

总之,系动词有无进行时态应随系动词的意义或其语境变化而变化。在概述某一动词的进行时态时,不能笼统地说feel,smell无进行时,应指出其意义及其语用环境。以smell为例

①smell作“嗅觉”的能力时,虽是实义动词,但指的是一种性质的存在状态不能用于进行时态,常与can, could, be able to连用。

The camels cansmell the water a mile off.

骆驼能嗅出一英里外有水。

②指“嗅、闻”的动作时,实义动词,可用于进行时态。

The girl issmelling the flower.

③smell指“含有……气味”,“发出……气味”等事物性质时,半系动词,无进行时态。

The dinner smellsgood.

2.系动词的时态与形容词的比较级连用的问题

某些含有变化意义的动态系动词如get, become, grow, turn等的进行时态可与形容词的比较级连用,表示渐进过程,其意思是“越来越……”。

He is growingtaller and taller.

Our life isgetting better and better.

The things aregetting worse.

3.所有半系动词的被动语态要分情况讨论

某动词在作系动词用时,无被动语态,而作实义动词用时,才有被动语态

不能说: The apple is tasted good.

(因为taste此时是系动词,“尝起来”之意,指的是苹果的性质,无被动语态)

但可以说: The apple is tasted by me.

(taste此时指“尝一尝”这一动作,有被动语态)

因此要注意半系动词在具体的语言环境中到底是系动词用法还是实义动词用法

4.瞬间动态系动词能否与时间段连用的问题

某些表示瞬间意义的系动词不能与“for+时间段,since+时间点,how long until+时间,by + 时间,so far”直接连用

①不能说:

He has become ateacher for 2 years.

应改为:

He has been ateacher for 2 years.

②不能说:He has turned writer since 3 years ago.

应改为:He has been a write since 3 years ago.

或It is two years since he turned writer.

③不能说:He got angry until his child came backhome.

应改为:He didn’t getangry until his child came back home.

5.系动词能接几种表语(从句)

系动词除了接adj.\n.\介词短语,某些adv.以外,还可接以下几种表语形式:

①能接as if/as though表语从句的系动词有:look,smell,sound,feel;appear(显得),seem(似乎)

It looks as if weare going to have snow.

He looked as if hehad just stepped out of my book of fairy tales.

It seems as if it werespring already.

②可用于“It+系动词+that从句”结构的有:seem, appear, 不可用be, look

It seemed that hehad made some serious mistakes in his work.

It appeared thathe was talking to himself.

③能用不定式作表语的系动词有:be, seem, get, look, appear, prove, grow.

Her job is to lookafter the children.

He looks to be ayoung girl of twenty.

④能与there连用的系动词有:be,appear, seem.

There appeared tobe only one room.

There seems(tobe)no need to go.

6.能用两种否定形式的系动词有两个:seem, appear.

It doesn’t seem that we can get our money back.

= It seems that wecan’t get our money back.

He seems not to beher father.

= He doesn’t seem to be her father.

The baby doesn’t appear to be awake.

= The baby appearsnot to be awake.

7、几组易混系动词的区别

系动词的区别主要从两个方面作比较,一是其意义,二是其结构。

1)get, become, go, turn, grow“变成”

get:“变得”口语。后接形容词、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式作表语,但不能与名词直接连用。

become:“变成,成为(好坏情况均可)。”后接形容词、名词、过去分词作表语,不能与不定式连用。

go:“变成(某种由好到坏的情况)”,后接形容词、过去分词、名词作表语。

Turn:“转变成”强调与原来不同的、新的变化,如变质、变色等。后接形容词、不带冠词的名词作表语,后不接不定式。

grow:“逐渐变得……”,强调其变化过程。后接形容词、分词、不定式,不可直接跟名词。

2)look, seem, appear“好像”

三者作系动词时在意义上的区别:

look:“好像,看起来”,一般用于非正式场合,侧重指从本身外表特征上由视觉得到的印象。

seem :“似乎,好像”,指说话人内心的估计与判断,有一定依据,接近于实际情况。

appear:“显得,好像”,常用于正式文体中,指某事物或人给他人的表面印象,有时含有实质上并非如此之意。

He looks like hisfather. (指其长相看起来相像)

He seems like hisfather. (指说话人从个性方面得到的判断)

He appears likehis father.(指他的外貌、衣着给他人的印象)

3)keep, remain, stay“保持……状态”

①keep作系动词时,“保持……状态”,后接adj.或介词短语:alive,awake,cheerful,silent,dry,well,fit,fine,close,clean,happy

Have you kept wellall these years?

I hope it willkeep fine.

In order to keepfit, all students go in for sports.

We’d better keep in touch.

②remain,系动词“仍然存在……状态”,后接adj.、过去分词、名词或介词短语,强调某种状态前后无变化。

The door remainedclosed.

门仍然关着。

Your room remainslike this.

你的房间依旧是这样子。

③stay,作系动词用时“保持……状态”,后接形容词、分词。

That fellow stayedsingle.

那个小伙子仍保持单身。

It’s easy to stay hidden.

躲起来很容易。

后常接的形容词有:calm, clean, fresh, healthy, young, open,awake, warm, fine, 常可与keep互换。如:

Stay/keepcalm(clean, fine, healthy, awake等)

①What you have said_______.

A.is soundedinteresting

B.soundsinteresting

C.soundinterested

D.listensinterested

②The class begins. Please keep________.

A.silent B.silence

C.the silence D.silently

③Look! Several people in the crowdseemed_______.

A.to be fighting B.to havefought

C.being fought D.havingfought

④How _____the song she sings sounds! I havenever ______a better voice.

A.beautifully, sounded

B.beautiful, sounded

C.sweet, listened to

D.sweet, heard

⑤Her feeling about the marriage ______ratherstrange.

A.is looked B.is seemed

C.seems D.isappeared

⑥John _____driver since two months ago.

A.became a B.has becomea

C.has turned D.has been a

⑦The ice_____ thick on the river.

A.is lain

B.lay

C.laid

D.lie

文章标签: # 动词 # to # 及物动词